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The EU’s Artificial Intelligence Act, effective since 1 August 2024, introduces unified standards for AI while revising parts of existing legislation. Full enforcement is expected by August 2027. Though aimed at safeguarding rights and promoting transparency, the regulation triggers debate over its legal foundations and its effect on Europe’s ability to compete with leading global tech powers.

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, which entered into force on 1 August 2024, introduces harmonized rules on AI and amends certain pieces of EU legislation. While the new regulatory and legal framework is set to be fully implemented by August 2027, it raises several questions regarding its legal basis and its impact on the competitiveness of European businesses, particularly in comparison to the American and Chinese giants that dominate the field. Despite its noble objectives—such as protecting fundamental rights and ensuring transparency—the regulation prompts renewed reflection on the legality and legitimacy of entire areas of EU lawmaking.