The Polish Case: Sanctions Without Conditionality – What If All It Took Was a Change of Government?

The paper examines the release of €137 billion in EU funds to Poland following Donald Tusk's return to power in December 2023, raising questions about the European Union's motivations and consistency regarding the rule of law. It critiques the alleged double standards applied to Poland, exploring whether the EU's criteria for withholding funds were genuinely rooted in concerns over judicial independence or driven by political considerations.

Representation of Poles and Hungarians in the EU Civil Service: too few, too low? The need for an impartial and geographically balanced EU HR system.

This article examines the underrepresentation of Poland and Hungary in the EU civil service, highlighting both EU-wide and domestic factors. It underscores the need for an impartial and representative EU HR system and offers recommendations, including enforcing geographical balance especially in senior roles, preventing politicization, and reforming the concours system, to address this disparity.